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Eritrociti i azot monoksid - Istorija izmena
2024-03-29T05:41:53Z
Istorija izmena ove stranice na vikiju
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Tsnena u 20:10, 30. januar 2015.
2015-01-30T20:10:40Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Izmena na datum 30. januar 2015. u 20:10</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l241" >Red 241:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Red 241:</td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Kategorija:Radovi studenata biologije/ekologije]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Kategorija:Radovi studenata biologije/ekologije]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Kategorija:Radovi studenata biologije/ekologije]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Kategorija:Seminarski radovi]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Kategorija:Škola biologije]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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Tsnena u 15:43, 9. jul 2012.
2012-07-09T15:43:45Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Izmena na datum 9. jul 2012. u 15:43</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Red 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Red 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Seminarski}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Uloga NO u diferencijaciji RBCs, kako se pretpostavlja, je bazirana na tome da on</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Uloga NO u diferencijaciji RBCs, kako se pretpostavlja, je bazirana na tome da on</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>inhibira rast, diferencijaciju i hemoglobinizaciju primarnih celija [[eritrocit]]a. Bioaktivnost</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>inhibira rast, diferencijaciju i hemoglobinizaciju primarnih celija [[eritrocit]]a. Bioaktivnost</div></td></tr>
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Tsnena u 11:18, 19. avgust 2010.
2010-08-19T11:18:13Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Izmena na datum 19. avgust 2010. u 11:18</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l237" >Red 237:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Red 237:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[39] GIBBONS RJ, ABRAMS J AND CHATTERJEE K et al.: ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina—summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 159–168, 2003.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[39] GIBBONS RJ, ABRAMS J AND CHATTERJEE K et al.: ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina—summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 159–168, 2003.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Kategorija:Fiziologija životinja]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Kategorija:Fiziologija životinja]]</div></td></tr>
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Tsnena: /* EFEKTI NTG NA OKSIDACIONO-ANTIOKSIDACIONI METABOLIZAM RBC */
2009-12-07T18:38:20Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">EFEKTI NTG NA OKSIDACIONO-ANTIOKSIDACIONI METABOLIZAM RBC</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Izmena na datum 7. decembar 2009. u 18:38</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l112" >Red 112:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Red 112:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>paralelno se dešava sa promenom nitrozilacije proteina i aktivnosti tireodoksina [22].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>paralelno se dešava sa promenom nitrozilacije proteina i aktivnosti tireodoksina [22].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">EFEKTI </del>NTG <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NA OKSIDACIONO</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ANTIOKSIDACIONI METABOLIZAM </del>RBC==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Efekti </ins>NTG <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">na oksidaciono</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">antioksidacioni metabolizam </ins>RBC==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Slika:Bioaktivacija-nitrata.jpg|500px|d|mini|Put bioaktivacije organskih nitrita u krvnim</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Slika:Bioaktivacija-nitrata.jpg|500px|d|mini|Put bioaktivacije organskih nitrita u krvnim</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>celijama]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>celijama]]</div></td></tr>
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Tsnena: /* EFEKTI NTG NA OKSIDACIONO-ANTIOKSIDACIONI METABOLIZAM RBC */
2009-12-07T18:37:36Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">EFEKTI NTG NA OKSIDACIONO-ANTIOKSIDACIONI METABOLIZAM RBC</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Izmena na datum 7. decembar 2009. u 18:37</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l113" >Red 113:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Red 113:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== EFEKTI NTG NA OKSIDACIONO-ANTIOKSIDACIONI METABOLIZAM RBC==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== EFEKTI NTG NA OKSIDACIONO-ANTIOKSIDACIONI METABOLIZAM RBC==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Slika:Bioaktivacija-nitrata.jpg|500px|d|mini|Put bioaktivacije organskih nitrita u krvnim</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">celijama]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>NTG (C3H5N3O9) je bezbojna, uljana, eksplozivna tecnost dobijena nitracijom</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>NTG (C3H5N3O9) je bezbojna, uljana, eksplozivna tecnost dobijena nitracijom</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>glicerola [23]. Da bi NTG ostvario svoje efekte, najpre mora biti enzimatski metabolizovan u</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>glicerola [23]. Da bi NTG ostvario svoje efekte, najpre mora biti enzimatski metabolizovan u</div></td></tr>
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Tsnena
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Tsnena: /* Literatura */
2009-12-07T17:40:55Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Literatura</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Izmena na datum 7. decembar 2009. u 17:40</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l196" >Red 196:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Red 196:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Literatura==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Literatura==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[1] GYTON AC, HALL J: Medicinska fiziologija, deveto izdanje 413-419, 1999.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[1] GYTON AC, HALL J: Medicinska fiziologija, deveto izdanje 413-419, 1999.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[2] HALLIWELL B: Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and cardiovascular disease: How should we</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[2] HALLIWELL B: Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and cardiovascular disease: How should we move forward. Cardiovas. Res. 47: 410-418, 2000.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>move forward. Cardiovas. Res. 47: 410-418, 2000.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[3] ŽIKIC RV, ŠTAJN AŠ, SAICIC ZS, SPASIC MB, MILOVANOVIC SR: Toksikološki znacaj zaštite od oksidacionih oštecenja. Monografija 1-150, 2000.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[3] ŽIKIC RV, ŠTAJN AŠ, SAICIC ZS, SPASIC MB, MILOVANOVIC SR: Toksikološki znacaj</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[4] HALLIWELL B, GUTTERIDGE JM: Cross CE. Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now? J Lab Clin Med. 119:598–620, 1992.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>zaštite od oksidacionih oštecenja. Monografija 1-150, 2000.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[4] HALLIWELL B, GUTTERIDGE JM: Cross CE. Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease:</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>where are we now? J Lab Clin Med. 119:598–620, 1992.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[5] MARKOVIC NA: Lecenje ADRS-a azot monoksidom, VMA Beograd Pdf.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[5] MARKOVIC NA: Lecenje ADRS-a azot monoksidom, VMA Beograd Pdf.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[6] DAVID RJ, BLAGOJEVIC D, SPASIC, B.M: Molekularna fiziologija 32-39, 2006.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[6] DAVID RJ, BLAGOJEVIC D, SPASIC, B.M: Molekularna fiziologija 32-39, 2006.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[7] KLEINBORGARD P, SCHULZ R, RASSAF T, THOMAS T, DEJAM A, JAX T, et al.: Red</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[7] KLEINBORGARD P, SCHULZ R, RASSAF T, THOMAS T, DEJAM A, JAX T, et al.: Red blood cells express a functional endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Blood 107 (7): 2943-2951, 2006.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>blood cells express a functional endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Blood 107 (7): 2943-2951, 2006.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[8] COKIC VP, SCHECHTER AN: Effects of nitric oxide on red blood cell development and phenotype. Curr Top Dev Biol. 82: 169-215, 2008.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[8] COKIC VP, SCHECHTER AN: Effects of nitric oxide on red blood cell development and</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[9] HAN TH, LIAO JC: Erythrocyte nitric oxide transport reduced by a submembrane cytoskeletal barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta 1723:135–142, 2005.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>phenotype. Curr Top Dev Biol. 82: 169-215, 2008.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[10] HUANG TK., HUANG Z AND KIM-SHAPIRO BD: Nitric Oxide Red Blood Cell Membrane Permeability at high and low Oxygen Tension. Nitric okside. 16(2): 209-216, 2007.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[9] HAN TH, LIAO JC: Erythrocyte nitric oxide transport reduced by a submembrane cytoskeletal</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[11] HUANG TK, HAN TH, HYDUKE DR, VAUGHN MW, HERLE HV, HEIN, TW: Modulation of nitric oxide bioavailability by erythrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 11771-11776, 2007.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta 1723:135–142, 2005.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[12] PAWLOSKI JR, HESS DT, STAMLER JS,: Export by red blood cells of nitric oxide bioactivity. Nature 409(6820): 577-8, 2001.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[10] HUANG TK., HUANG Z AND KIM-SHAPIRO BD: Nitric Oxide Red Blood Cell Membrane</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[13] GRUBINA R, HUANG Z, SHIVA S, JOSHI MS, AZAROV I, BASU S: Concerted Nitric Oxide Formation and Release from the Simultaneous Reactions of Nitrite with Deoxy- and Oxyhemoglobin J. Biol. Chem. 282(17): 12916-12927, 2007.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Permeability at high and low Oxygen Tension. Nitric okside. 16(2): 209-216, 2007.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[14] SIBMO N, PIKNOVA B, RIZZATTI F, SCHECHTER AN: Oxidation of iron-nitrosylhemoglobin by dehydroascorbic acid releases nitric oxide to form nitrite in human erythrocytes. Biochemistry. 47(9): 2989-96, 2008.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[11] HUANG TK, HAN TH, HYDUKE DR, VAUGHN MW, HERLE HV, HEIN, TW: Modulation</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[15] LUCHSINGER BP, RICH EN, GOW AJ, WILLIAMS EM, STAMLER JS: Routes to S-nitrosohemoglobin formation with heme redox and preferential reactivity in the â subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 461-466, 2003.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>of nitric oxide bioavailability by erythrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 11771-11776, 2007.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[16] LATERREUR J: Hemoglobin S-nitrosation on oxygenation of nitrite/deoxyhemoglobin incubations is attenuated by methemoglobin. J Inorg Biochem. 101(11-12):1827-35, 2007.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[12] PAWLOSKI JR, HESS DT, STAMLER JS,: Export by red blood cells of nitric oxide bioactivity.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[17] MALETIC SD: Efekti nitro preparata na oksidaciono-antrioksidacioni metabolizam crvenih krvnih celija pacova. Doktorska disertacija, 2004.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Nature 409(6820): 577-8, 2001.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[18] WINK DA, KATRINA M MIRANDA AND ESPEY M G: Cytotoxicity Related to Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress by Nitric Oxide. Symposia. Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[13] GRUBINA R, HUANG Z, SHIVA S, JOSHI MS, AZAROV I, BASU S: Concerted Nitric Oxide</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[19] WIMALAWANSA SJ: Nitric oxide: new evidence for novel therapeutic indications. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 9 (11): 1935-54, 2008.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Formation and Release from the Simultaneous Reactions of Nitrite with Deoxy- and Oxyhemoglobin</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[20] RUBBO H, RADI R, TRUJILLO M, TELLERI R, KALYANARAMAN B, BARNES S: Nitric oxide regulation of superoxide and peroxynitrite-dependent lipid peroxidation. Formation of novel nitrogen-containing oxidized lipid derivatives. J Biol Chem 269: 26066-26075, 1994.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>J. Biol. Chem. 282(17): 12916-12927, 2007.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[21] BRZESZCZYNSKA J, GWOZDZINSKI K: Nitric oxide induced oxidative changes in erythrocyte membrane components.Cell Biol Int. 32(1): 114-20, 2008.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[14] SIBMO N, PIKNOVA B, RIZZATTI F, SCHECHTER AN: Oxidation of iron-nitrosylhemoglobin</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[22] NICOLAY JP, LIEBIG G, NIEMOELLER OM, KOKA S, GHASHGHAEINIA M, WIEDER T, HAENDELER J, BUSSE R, LANG F: Inhibition of suicidal erythrocyte death by nitric oxide. Pflugers Arch. 456(2): 293-305, 2008.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by dehydroascorbic acid releases nitric oxide to form nitrite in human erythrocytes.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Biochemistry. 47(9): 2989-96, 2008.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[15] LUCHSINGER BP, RICH EN, GOW AJ, WILLIAMS EM, STAMLER JS: Routes to S-nitrosohemoglobin</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>formation with heme redox and preferential reactivity in the â subunits. Proc Natl Acad</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sci USA 100: 461-466, 2003.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[16] LATERREUR J: Hemoglobin S-nitrosation on oxygenation of nitrite/deoxyhemoglobin</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>incubations is attenuated by methemoglobin. J Inorg Biochem. 101(11-12):1827-35, 2007.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[17] MALETIC SD: Efekti nitro preparata na oksidaciono-antrioksidacioni metabolizam crvenih</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>krvnih celija pacova. Doktorska disertacija, 2004.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[18] WINK DA, KATRINA M MIRANDA AND ESPEY M G: Cytotoxicity Related to Oxidative</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>and Nitrosative Stress by Nitric Oxide. Symposia. Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[19] WIMALAWANSA SJ: Nitric oxide: new evidence for novel therapeutic indications. Expert Opin</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pharmacother. 9 (11): 1935-54, 2008.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[20] RUBBO H, RADI R, TRUJILLO M, TELLERI R, KALYANARAMAN B, BARNES S: Nitric</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>oxide regulation of superoxide and peroxynitrite-dependent lipid peroxidation. Formation of novel</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>nitrogen-containing oxidized lipid derivatives. J Biol Chem 269: 26066-26075, 1994.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[21] BRZESZCZYNSKA J, GWOZDZINSKI K: Nitric oxide induced oxidative changes in</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>erythrocyte membrane components.Cell Biol Int. 32(1): 114-20, 2008.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[22] NICOLAY JP, LIEBIG G, NIEMOELLER OM, KOKA S, GHASHGHAEINIA M, WIEDER T,</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>HAENDELER J, BUSSE R, LANG F: Inhibition of suicidal erythrocyte death by nitric oxide.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pflugers Arch. 456(2): 293-305, 2008.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[23] Podaci su preuzeti iz Wikipedije.Wikipedia®</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[23] Podaci su preuzeti iz Wikipedije.Wikipedia®</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[24] MC GUIRE JJ, ANDERSON DJ, MCDONALD BJ, NARAYANASAMI R, BENNETT BM:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[24] MC GUIRE JJ, ANDERSON DJ, MCDONALD BJ, NARAYANASAMI R, BENNETT BM: Inhibition of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and glyceryl trinitrate biotransformation by diphenyleneiodonium sulfate. Biochem Pharmacol 56: 881-893, 1996.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Inhibition of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and glyceryl trinitrate biotransformation by</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[25] CHEN Z, ZHANG J, STAMLER JS: Identification of the enzymatic mechanism of nitroglycerin bioactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 8306-8311, 2002.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>diphenyleneiodonium sulfate. Biochem Pharmacol 56: 881-893, 1996.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[26] HARRISON DG, KURZ S, TARPEY M, FREEMAN B, MÜNZEL TH: Increased vascular superoxide production: a novel mechanism underlying nitrate tolerance. In: Münzel Th, Harrison DG, Just H, eds. Nitrates in Cardiovascular Disease. Basic Mechanisms of Action, Tolerance Phenomena, Clinical Applications. Verlag, Broken: Medizin & Wissenschaft. 53-56, 1996.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[25] CHEN Z, ZHANG J, STAMLER JS: Identification of the enzymatic mechanism of nitroglycerin</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[27] DAIBER A, WENZEL P, OELZE M, MÜNZEL T: New insights into bioactivation of organic nitrates, nitrate tolerance and cross-tolerance. Clin Res Cardiol. 97(1): 12-20, 2008.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>bioactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 8306-8311, 2002.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[28] MUNZEL T, SAYEGH H, FREEMAN BA, TARPEY MM, HARRISON DG: Evidence for enhanced vascular superoxide anion production in nitrate tolerance. A novel mechanism underlying tolerance and cross-tolerance. J Clin Invest 95 187–194, 1995.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[26] HARRISON DG, KURZ S, TARPEY M, FREEMAN B, MÜNZEL TH: Increased vascular</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[29] WINK DA, MITCHELL JB: Chemical biology of nitric oxide: insights into regulatory, cytotoxic, and cytoprotective mechanisms of nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med: 25: 434-456, 1998.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>superoxide production: a novel mechanism underlying nitrate tolerance. In: Münzel Th, Harrison DG,</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[30] DI FABIO J, JI Y, VASILIOU V, THATCHER G R, BRNNETT B: Role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in nitrate tolerance. Mol Pharmacol 64:1109-1116, 2003.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Just H, eds. Nitrates in Cardiovascular Disease. Basic Mechanisms of Action, Tolerance Phenomena,</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[31] ROMERO N, RADI R, LINARES E, AUGUSTO O, DETWEILER CD, MASON RP,DENICOLAS A: Reaction of human hemoglobin with peroxynitrite. Isomerization to nitrate and secondary formation of protein radicals. J Biol Chem 278: 44049-44057, 2003.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Clinical Applications. Verlag, Broken: Medizin & Wissenschaft. 53-56, 1996.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[32] ARESE P, DE FLORA A: Pathophysiology of hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Semin Hematol 27: 1-40, 1990. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[27] DAIBER A, WENZEL P, OELZE M, MÜNZEL T: New insights into bioactivation of organic</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[33] MALETIC SD, DRAGICEVIC-ÐOKOVIC LJM, ŽIKIC RV, ŠTAJN AŠ, MILENKOVIC P,KOSTIC MM: Effects of nitric oxide donors on energy metabolism of rat erythrocytes. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 19: 383-390, 2000.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>nitrates, nitrate tolerance and cross-tolerance. Clin Res Cardiol. 97(1): 12-20, 2008.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[34] BROWN KE, KNUDSEN CA: Oxidized heme proteins in an animal model of hemochromatosis. Free Radic Biol Med: 24: 239-244, 1998.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[28] MUNZEL T, SAYEGH H, FREEMAN BA, TARPEY MM, HARRISON DG: Evidence for</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[35] KOZLOV VA, DIETRICH B, NOHL H: Various intracellular compartments cooperate in the release of nitric oxide from glycerol trinitrate in liver. British Journal of Pharmacology 139: 989–997,2003.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>enhanced vascular superoxide anion production in nitrate tolerance. A novel mechanism underlying</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[36] MARKOVIC SD, OGNJANOVIC BI, STAJN AS, ZIKIC RV, SAICIC ZS, RADOJICIC RM, SPASIC MB: The effects of nitroglycerine on the redox status of rat erythrocytes and reticulocytes. Physiological research 55(4): 389-396, 2006</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tolerance and cross-tolerance. J Clin Invest 95 187–194, 1995.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[37] POGOSYAN AS, VENEDIKTOVA NI, KOSENKO EA, KAMINSKII YG: Antioxidant status of erythrocytes after acupuncture treatment. Bull Exp Biol Med. 138(1): 26-9, 2004.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[29] WINK DA, MITCHELL JB: Chemical biology of nitric oxide: insights into regulatory,</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[38] MÜNZEL T, WENZEL P AND DAIBER A: Do We Still Need Organic Nitrates? Journal of the American College of Cardiology: 49(12): 1296-1298, 2007.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>cytotoxic, and cytoprotective mechanisms of nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med: 25: 434-456, 1998.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[39] GIBBONS RJ, ABRAMS J AND CHATTERJEE K et al.: ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina—summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 159–168, 2003.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[30] DI FABIO J, JI Y, VASILIOU V, THATCHER G R, BRNNETT B: Role of mitochondrial</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>aldehyde dehydrogenase in nitrate tolerance. Mol Pharmacol 64:1109-1116, 2003.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[31] ROMERO N, RADI R, LINARES E, AUGUSTO O, DETWEILER CD, MASON RP,</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>DENICOLAS A: Reaction of human hemoglobin with peroxynitrite. Isomerization to nitrate and</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>secondary formation of protein radicals. J Biol Chem 278: 44049-44057, 2003.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[32] ARESE P, DE FLORA A: Pathophysiology of hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>deficiency. Semin Hematol 27: 1-40, 1990.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[33] MALETIC SD, DRAGICEVIC-ÐOKOVIC LJM, ŽIKIC RV, ŠTAJN AŠ, MILENKOVIC P,</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>KOSTIC MM: Effects of nitric oxide donors on energy metabolism of rat erythrocytes. J Environ</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pathol Toxicol Oncol 19: 383-390, 2000.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[34] BROWN KE, KNUDSEN CA: Oxidized heme proteins in an animal model of hemochromatosis.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Free Radic Biol Med: 24: 239-244, 1998.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[35] KOZLOV VA, DIETRICH B, NOHL H: Various intracellular compartments cooperate in the</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>release of nitric oxide from glycerol trinitrate in liver. British Journal of Pharmacology 139: 989–997,</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2003.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[36] MARKOVIC SD, OGNJANOVIC BI, STAJN AS, ZIKIC RV, SAICIC ZS, RADOJICIC RM,</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>SPASIC MB: The effects of nitroglycerine on the redox status of rat erythrocytes and reticulocytes.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Physiological research 55(4): 389-396, 2006</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[37] POGOSYAN AS, VENEDIKTOVA NI, KOSENKO EA, KAMINSKII YG: Antioxidant status</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>of erythrocytes after acupuncture treatment. Bull Exp Biol Med. 138(1): 26-9, 2004.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[38] MÜNZEL T, WENZEL P AND DAIBER A: Do We Still Need Organic Nitrates? Journal of the</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>American College of Cardiology: 49(12): 1296-1298, 2007.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[39] GIBBONS RJ, ABRAMS J AND CHATTERJEE K et al.: ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>the management of patients with chronic stable angina—summary article: a report of the American</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 159–168, 2003.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Kategorija:Fiziologija životinja]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Kategorija:Fiziologija životinja]]</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<p><b>Nova stranica</b></p><div>ERITROCITI I AZOT MONOKSID<br />
Uloga NO u diferencijaciji RBCs, kako se pretpostavlja, je bazirana na tome da on<br />
inhibira rast, diferencijaciju i hemoglobinizaciju primarnih celija eritrocita. Bioaktivnost<br />
endotelne NOS (eNOS) mRNA i proteinski nivo se smanjuju za vreme diferencijacije RBCs,<br />
zajedno sa rastom nivoa Hb. NO je hidrofoban i akumulira se u lipidnim membranama gde se<br />
odvija najveca autooksidacija u nitrite in vivo. Reakcija NO sa dezoksi Hb produkuje<br />
nitrozilhemoglobin (HbFe(II)NO), dok isti sa oksihemoglobinom, proizvodi metHb i nitrat.<br />
Nitriti sa dezoksihemoglobinom stvaraju NO. Ova reakcija kao i pretpostavljena formacija<br />
tiol-NO koje nastaju iz Hb, S-nitrozohemoglobin (SNO-Hb), izgleda da su glavni mehanizmi<br />
odbrane i transporta NO pa ga neki nazivaju i ’’hormonom’’ [8].<br />
Kako endotelijalno stvoreni NO može da dopre do glatkih mišicnih celija, sa toliko<br />
mnogo Hb prisutnog u krvi koji brzo reaguje sa NO? Postoji nekoliko mehanizama<br />
uklanjanja NO pomocu RBCs koji konkurišu sa slobodnim celijskim Hb i tako<br />
onemogucavaju da se NO ponaša kao faktor relaksacije [9]. Hb u RBCs sporije uklanja NO iz<br />
krvi nego što bi to ucinio slobodni Hb. Delom, ovo uklanjanje redukovanog NO je bilo<br />
pripisano unutrašnjoj membrani RBCs kao barijeri za difuziju NO [10] i specificnim<br />
osobinama skeleta proteina vezanih za membranu RBCs sa unutrašnje strane [11]. Brzina<br />
uklanjanja NO u RBCs zavisi od hematokritske vrednosti i pritiska kiseonika. Razlikuju se i<br />
konstante brzine reakcije NO sa oksidovanim ili dezoksidovanim Hb. Neke studije pokazuju<br />
da su promene permeabilnosti 10 i više puta vece u oksigenisanim nego u anoksicnim RBCs.<br />
Permeabilnost NO u RBCs u oksigenisanim uslovima je izmeðu 4,400 ìm/s i 5,100 ìm/s, a u<br />
dezoksigenisanim uslovima je veca od 64,000 ìm/s [10].<br />
Oba molekula i O2 i NO prolaze u RBC, ali samo O2 difunduje van. U covecjim RBCs<br />
derivat Hb, S-nitrozotiol (SNO) (generisan od strane unešenog NO) je povezan vecim delom<br />
sa membranom RBC. Transport NO kroz celijsku membranu je omogucen citoplazmatskim<br />
domenom hlorid-bikarbonatnog anjonskog–izmenjvaca 1 (AP1) (band 3 protein), koji vezuje<br />
Hb. AP1 sadrži dva reaktivna cisteinska ostatka i reakcijom transnitrozilacije razmenjuje NO<br />
grupe sa Hb (cysb93). Dalje, celijski mehanizam regulisan kiseonikom, koji objedinjuje<br />
sintezu i izlazak NO poreklom iz Hb utice na formiranje AP1-SNO na površini izmeðu<br />
membrane i citozola [12].<br />
Postoje studije koje su objavile ulogu Hb kao alostericno regulatorne nitritne<br />
reduktaze koja može da posreduje NO-zavisnu signalizaciju duž fiziološkog gradijenta<br />
6<br />
kiseonika. Nitriti (NO2<br />
-), reaguju sa dezoksi Hb u jednoj alostericnoj reakciji koja stvara NO i<br />
oksiduje dezoksi Hb u metHb. NO onda reaguje, uz ogranicenu brzinu difuzije, sa dezoksi Hb<br />
i formira gvožðe-nitrozil-Hb (HbNO), koji je postojan, ali ne kao izvor biodostupnog NO.<br />
Meðutim, ispod fizioloških granica saturacije kiseonikom, nitriti ce takoðe reagovati sa oksi<br />
Hb. Otkriveno je da dezoksi reakcija tece paralelno sa delimicnom inhibicijom oksi-reakcija<br />
[13].<br />
Neke studije pokazuju da HbNO u RBCs može da bude znacajan izvor bioaktivnog<br />
NO/nitrita ako je povezan sa ciklusoma askorbinske kiseline (ASC). Pretpostavljeno je da bi<br />
ciklus ASC-AFR (ascorbate free radical)-DHA (dehidroaskorbinska kiselina) mogao da bude<br />
povezan sa HbNO-nitritom. Mogao bi da ukazuje na mehanizam za endokrini transport NO<br />
putem RBCs, rezultujuci produkciju intracelularnog nitrita. Izgleda da su intracelularni nitriti<br />
i nitrati vecinom stvoreni nezavisnim putevima u RBCs [14].<br />
U RBCs dolazi do formiranja S-nitrozohemoglobina (SNOHb), koji zadržava NOregulatorne<br />
funkcije [15]. S-nitrozilacija hemoglobina je brža kada je hemoglobin u oksi<br />
konformaciji, nego u dezoksi konformaciji. Detektovana je veca kolicina SNOHb u<br />
arterijskoj krvi nego u venskoj, gde se nalazi više HbNO. U uslovima kada se NO uvodi u<br />
biološki sistem gradacijski u limitiranim kolicinama, favorizovana je produkcija SNOHb<br />
(više od NO2<br />
-) i cak se nitrozilacija hema odigrava prevashodno na â-subjedinicama, što<br />
omogucuje dislokaciju NO sa hema do tiola u Hb. Pokazano je da NO reaguje i sa cysb93<br />
ostatkom metHb, pri cemu se stvara S-nitrozomethemoglobin - SNOHb(Fe3+) [15]. Možemo<br />
da se zapitamo kakva je uloga, koji su ciljevi i koji je štetniji molekul – metHb ili SNOHb?<br />
Objavljeni su rezultati da metHb znacajno umanjuje HbSNO, što navodi da met protein može<br />
da igra regulatornu ulogu u smanjenju kolicine slobodnog (ili nevezanog za Hb) nitrita u<br />
RBCs što je važno u prevenciji hipotenzije [16].<br />
2.1.1. NO I OSIDACIONO-ANTIOKSIDACIONI MEHANIZMI<br />
Eritrociti ne poseduju organele (cak ni funkcionalne mitohondrije u kojima se stvaraju<br />
i metabolišu ROS i RNS) vec samo funkcionalnu membranu i citosol ispunjen molekulima<br />
hemoglobina. U ovim celijama nema de novo sinteze proteina ili enzima. Eritrociti kao<br />
eksperimentalni model predstavljaju bazalni redoks sistem. Izabrani nitro-preparati, odnosno<br />
lekovi koji oslobaðaju NO (NO-donori) se razlikuju prema nacinu biotransformacije u<br />
celijama, odnosno prema osloboðenoj vrsti azot monoksida. Nitroglicerin (NTG) pripada<br />
grupi organskih nitrata i oslobaða NO. nakon enzimatske biotransformacije u celijama [17].<br />
Ukoliko doðe do oksidacionog stresa i oštecenja celija ukljuciuju se komponente<br />
antioksidacionog metabolizma u zaštiti celija, ali ako se ovakva odbrana pokaže nedovoljno<br />
efikasnom, dolazi do patoloških promena u organizmu što rezultuje nizom oboljenja, ali i<br />
starenjem citavog organizma [17]. U ovom oksidaciono-antioksidacionom sistemu ima i NO<br />
koji zbog svoje molekulske mase, znacajne hidrofobnosti i jednog nesparenog elektrona<br />
prakticno može da proðe kroz bilo koju celiju ili tkivo i da uðe u direktne ili indirektne<br />
interakcije sa svim molekulima u/van celije. NO je takoðe izvor i svih RNS što znacajno<br />
usložnjava i umrežava biohemijske interakcije ovog molekula [17].<br />
NO može da se aktivira superoksidom ili kiseonikom i formira tako RNS koji dalje<br />
izaziva lancane reakcije sa proteinima, lipidima i DNA, koje su odgovorne za celijsku smrt<br />
7<br />
uslovljenu NO. Ove reakcije se odvijaju samo kad su koncentracije NO za duži vremenski<br />
period vece od 1μM kao što je blizina aktiviranih leukocita ili drugih celija osetljivih na<br />
stimulaciju citokininima ili patološkim produktima. Nitrozacioni stres se dogaða kada se<br />
oslobaðaju intermedijeri iz nitrozit tiola, hidroksi i amino grupa. Inicijator nitrozacionog<br />
stresa je N2O3 pod fiziološkim uslovima. N2O3 nastaje prvenstveno na neutralnom pH ali i iz<br />
NO/O2 reakcije ili iz reakcije NO/O2- kada je fluks NO veci od O2-. U skladu sa ovim<br />
kompetitivnim reakcijama nitrozacioni stres se može desiti samo pri jakom lokalizovanom<br />
fluksu NO in vivo [18].<br />
Nekontrolisana produkcija NO može da izazove razna oštecenja i bolesti, npr. septicni<br />
šok, reumatoidnu i inflamatornu eritropatijui cerebralna oštecenja nakon šoka. Do danas nisu<br />
naðena terapeutska sredstva koja bi sanirala ovakve pojave [19].<br />
NO reaguje i sa reaktivnim vrstama pri cemu sam NO ima ulogu antioksidansa.<br />
Redukcijom Fe3+ jona, NO inhibira Fentonovu reakciju, cime se sprecava stvaranje<br />
najreaktivnije vrste kiseonika – OH. [20]. Zatim, NO reaguje sa višim oksidacionim stanjima<br />
hemoproteina (hemoglobin, mioglobin, citohromi – HP+-Fe4+) i vraca ih u pocetno stanje. Na<br />
kraju, NO direktno reaguje sa visokoenergetskim reaktivnim vrstama (alkoksil - RO. i alkil<br />
hidroperoksil - ROO.) i zaustavlja lancanu reakciju peroksidacije, odnosno proces lipidne<br />
peroksidacije [20].<br />
Oksidativni mehanizmi koji dovode do promena celijske membrane, nisu povezani sa<br />
aktivacijom stvaranja ONOOH- vec su indukovani cistim NO. On uzrokuje statisticki<br />
znacajan porast fluidnosti membrane na razlicitim dubinama lipidnog dvosloja što je<br />
povezano sa porastom lipidne peroksidacije. Dešavaju se i znacajne promene u<br />
konformacionon statusu proteina citoskeleta. Pretpostavljeno je da se NO ponaša kao<br />
prooksidant u koncentracijama za koje se membrana javlja kao prva meta pre ulaska u citozol<br />
[21].<br />
NO je poznat kao molekul koji sprecava apoptozu pomocu S-nitrozilacije tiol grupa<br />
proteina. NO se generiše i cuva u RBCs, koji mogu pretrpeti eriptozu, suicidalnu celijsku<br />
smrt slicnu apoptozi celija sa jedrom. Eriptoza se aktivira porastom citozolne Ca2+ aktivnosti<br />
i/ili ceramida i karakteriše se celijskim sabijanjem i izlaganjem fosfatidilserina na površini<br />
celije. NO ucestvuje u regulaciji opstanka eritrocita, uticaj je delimicno prikriven cGMP i<br />
paralelno se dešava sa promenom nitrozilacije proteina i aktivnosti tireodoksina [22].<br />
3. EFEKTI NTG NA OKSIDACIONO-ANTIOKSIDACIONI METABOLIZAM RBC<br />
NTG (C3H5N3O9) je bezbojna, uljana, eksplozivna tecnost dobijena nitracijom<br />
glicerola [23]. Da bi NTG ostvario svoje efekte, najpre mora biti enzimatski metabolizovan u<br />
celijama, pri cemu dolazi do tiol-zavisnog oslobaðanja NO.. Smatra se da nitrati produkuju<br />
NO reagujuci sa sulfhidrilnim grupama, ali takoðe se smatra da enzmatsku aktivnost u<br />
biotransformaciji NTG mogu imati su i enzimi : glutation S-transferaza, citohrom P450 i<br />
ksantin oksidoreduktaza [24]. Meðutim, kasnije je pokazano da su ovi enzimi prvenstveno<br />
odgovorni za detoksifikaciju i biotransformaciju organskih nitrata u jetri [17].<br />
Denitrifikacijom NTG-a se produkuje 1,2-gliceril dinitrat (GDN), a NO je katalizovan<br />
mitohondrijskom aldehid dehidrogenazom (mtALDH) koja ima centralnu ulogu u<br />
8<br />
bioaktivaciji NTG, vazorelaksaciji i toleranciji [25]. NO je aktivator guanilil ciklaze (GC) u<br />
hem-zavisnom mehanizmu. Ova aktivacija rezultuje u formiranju cGMP-a iz GTP-a i tako<br />
NO povecava nivo cGMP-a u celiji [23].<br />
NTG i nitrati (NO donori), su korišceni kao terapeutska sredstva u prošlom veku za<br />
lecenje vaskularnih bolesti. Pacijenti koji primaju ovakvu terapiju su oni sa anginom pektoris,<br />
koronarnom arterijskom bolešcu, hipertenzijom, osteoporozom, poremecajem<br />
gastrointestinalnih pokreta, pre-eklampsija, vulvodinija i erektivna disfunkcija kod<br />
muškaraca. Nedostatak NO u postmenopauzi se popravlja hormonskom terapijom koja<br />
povecava lokalnu produkciju NO. Opadanje lokalne produkcije NO sa sekundarnim<br />
smanjenjem estrogena kod žena u postmenopauzi i možda kod starijih muškaraca mogli bi da<br />
budu razlog porasta kardiovaskularnih incidenata i seksualnih disfunkcija [19].<br />
Cilj seminarskog rada je da se<br />
pokaže metabolizam odreðenih nitropreparata<br />
u RBCs.<br />
Dugotrajna upotreba organskih<br />
nitrata uzrokuje brzi razvoj nitratne<br />
tolerancije smanjujuci hemodinamicku i<br />
antiishemicku efikasnost. MtALDH imaju<br />
ulogu u aktivaciji organskih nitrata.<br />
Mitohondrijske ROS i oksidativna<br />
inaktivacija nitratne reduktaze, mtALDH<br />
igraju vaznu ulogu u nitratnoj i krostoleranciji. Mada je pokazano i to da u toku hronicnog<br />
tretmana nitroglicerinom dolazi do aktivacije membranske NADH-oksidaze u krvnom sudu.<br />
Ovaj enzim je stimulisan i angiotenzinom II u kultivisanim glatkomišicnim celijama. NADHoksidaza<br />
produkuje znacajne kolicine O2<br />
.-, koji brzo reaguje sa NO i inaktiviše ga, što može<br />
biti razlog nitratne tolerancije [26] Pokazano je da postoji zaštitna uloga organskih nitrata<br />
pentaritritil tetranitrat (PETN), koji suprotno organskim nitratima može da reguliše enzime sa<br />
snažnim antioksidacionim kapacitetom i tako sprecava toleranciju i razvoj endotelijalne<br />
disfunkcije [27]. Efekti nitratne tolerancije su proucavani poslednjih 30-ak godina i došlo se do<br />
sledecih hipoteza: 1. Smanjivanje transformacije NTG-a u NO ili NO-vrste 2.<br />
Neurohormonska aktivacija koja uzrokuje aktivaciju i otpuštanje vazokonstriktora kao što su<br />
endotelin i angiotenzin II, koji neutrališu vazodilataciju indukovanu NTG-om. 3. Povecanje<br />
volumena plazme [23]. 4. Oksidacioni stres [28].<br />
Oksidacioni stres uzrokuje u mitohondrijama inaktivaciju mtALDH i to je kljuc za<br />
razumevanje transformacije NTG-a za vreme dugotrajnog tretmana i u kulturi celija i kod<br />
pacijenata. Ovaj koncept povezuje toleranciju usled oksidacionog stresa sa konceptom nitratne<br />
tolerancije. Put bioaktivacije organskih nitrita u krvnim celijama je prikazan na slici 5. Leva<br />
strana pokazuje bioaktivaciju visokopotentnih nitrata kao što su NTG, pentaritritil tetranitrat<br />
(PETN) i pentaeritritil trinitrat (PETriN) pomocu mitohondrijske aldehid dehidrogenaze<br />
mtALDH kada su zastupljene u klinicki znacajnim koncentracijama (<1 ìM). Reduktazna<br />
aktivnost prevodi nitrate u nitrite i denitrifikacione metabolite (1,2-gliceril dinitrat [GDN],<br />
Slika 4 NTG (1,3-dinitrooxipropan-2-il<br />
nitrat); 3 D prikaz i strukturna formula<br />
NTG-a<br />
9<br />
PETriN ili njegove dinitrate PEDN). Nitriti meðutim zahtevaju dalju bioaktivaciju ili<br />
redukcijom pomocu<br />
respiratornog lanca (citohrom<br />
oksidaza [cyt ox]) ili kiselinske<br />
disproporcionacije sa unutrašnje<br />
strane membrane konacno<br />
propuštajuci NO ili srodne vrste<br />
(NOx), koje aktiviraju<br />
rastvorenu guanilil ciklazu.<br />
Rezultujuci porast cGMP ce<br />
aktivirati cGMP-zavisnu kinazu<br />
I, koja potom uzrokuje<br />
vazodilataciju preko nekoliko<br />
mehanizama. Desna strana<br />
opisuje bioaktivaciju<br />
niskopotentnih nitrata kao što su izosorbid dinitrat (ISDN) i izosorbid-5-mononitrat (ISMN) ali<br />
isto tako i GDN, PEDN, ali isto tako i doticne mononitrate, gliceril (GMN) and pentaerititil<br />
mononitrate (PEMN), pomocu P450 enzim(a) direktno propuštajuci u endoplazmatici<br />
retikulumi (ER). Kasniji mehanizmi takoðe ukljucuju visokopotentne nitrate kad su<br />
zastupljeni u visokim koncentracijama (>1 ìM) [28].<br />
3.1. REZULTATI I DISKUSIJA<br />
Nitroglicerin oslobaða NO., koji prvenstveno ulazi u direktne interakcije sa metalnim<br />
centrima proteina i enzima, meðu kojima je i guanilat ciklaza. Stimulacijom guanilat ciklaze<br />
dolazi do pojacane sinteze cGMP, koji posreduje neke NO-indukovane efekte u celijama<br />
[29]. NTG u eritrocitima pacova indukuje oksidacioni stres, pracen izuzetno snažnim<br />
oštecenjem celija (Tab. 2.1.2) [17].<br />
Tabela 2.1.2. Efekti NTG na koncentracije lipidnih peroksida, metHb i Heinz-ovih telašaca u<br />
eritrocitima pacova.<br />
Podaci predstavljaju srednju vrednost ± SEM za 4 parna eksperimenta.<br />
*p < 0.05, kontrola (0 mM NTG) u odnosu na NTG (ostale koncentracije).<br />
NTG (mM)<br />
0 0.1 0.25 0.5 1.0 1.5<br />
TBARS<br />
nmol/ml<br />
celija<br />
5.51±0,59 7.04±0,99 7.68±0,28* 8.62±0,75* 10.42±1.00* 14.45±1.07*<br />
MetHb<br />
%<br />
4.59±1.71 4.99±1.85 5.71±1.92* 10.42±1.78* 24.54±2.14* 40.19±2.34*<br />
HT 70.00±3.77 72.89±3.71 75.89±4.35 75.33±4.25* 75.11±5.11* 90.78±9.10*<br />
Slika 5 Put bioaktivacije organskih nitrita u krvnim<br />
celijama<br />
10<br />
Oksidacioni stres ima za posledicu skoro trostruko povecanje koncentracije TBARS<br />
(Tab. 2.1.2), desetostruko povecanje koncentracije metHb i 1.3 puta povecanje nivoa Heinzovih<br />
telašaca (p < 0.05 u sva tri slucaja) u prisustvu 1.5 mM NTG.<br />
NTG u eritrocitima indukuje dozno-zavisno povecanje koncentracije metHb, što je<br />
praceno intenzivnim nagomilavanjem Heinz-ovih telašaca samo u prisustvu visokih doza<br />
NTG (Tab. 2.1.2). To bi bio primer direktne interakcije NO sa oksiHb i posledicno stvaranje<br />
metHb. Ovo opet, ukazuje na biotransformaciju NTG u NO, što sve ide u prilog postojanja<br />
alternativnog NTG metabolickog puta u eritrocitima [30]. Povecanje koncentracije metHb bi<br />
moglo da bude posledica oksidacije Hb izazvane vodonik peroksidom. Meðutim, ne sme se<br />
zaobici ni cinjenica da i peroksinitrit, slicno vodonik peroksidu, oksiduje Hb u metHb [31].<br />
Dakle, oksidaciona oštecenja RBCs, koja se javljaju u prisustvu NTG posledica su delovanja<br />
delom NO, a delom RNS i ROS [17].<br />
Intenzitet formiranja Heinz-ovih telašaca ne prati intenzitet methemoglobinemije u<br />
NTG-tretiranim RBCs. Jedan deo stvorenog metHb (oko 28 %) redukuje se neenzimskim<br />
putem, pomocu Vit C i GSH, dok se glavni deo metHb redukuje enzimskim sistemom ciji je<br />
koenzim NADH, ali i NADPH koji redukuje samo oko 5 % metHb [32]. Ocigledno je da u<br />
RBC pacova dolazi do efikasne redukcije metHb, odnosno ne stvaraju se ireverzibilne<br />
formacije Heinz-ovih telašaca, osim u prisustvu visokih doza NTG. Ovome u prilog idu i<br />
podaci koji govore o pojacanoj produkciji NADH tokom stimulacije glikolize u NTGtretiranim<br />
eritrocitima [33]. Meðutim, formiranje Heinz-ovih telašaca smanjuje celijsku<br />
fleksibilnost, što uz pojacano oštecenje membranskih lipida u toku procesa lipidne<br />
peroksidacije, može da utice na funkcionalni vek i cak hemolizu NTG-tretiranih RBC [34].<br />
Aktivacija NTG-a se odigarava u aortnim prstenovima, a deaktivacija u jetri. NO2<br />
- je<br />
intermedijer u biotransformaciji NTG-a i u aorti i u jetri. U aorti se odvija vazodilatacija dok<br />
u jetri nema takvih efekata iako je NO2<br />
- direktno u krvi. NO2<br />
- se u aorti, u mitohondrijama<br />
odmah transformiše u NO. U jetri reakcija NTG NO2<br />
- se odvija u citoplazmi, a NO2<br />
- NO<br />
u mitohondrijama ili endoplazmaticnom retikulumu i glavni deo NO2<br />
- se difuzijom vraca u<br />
krv. Samo mali deo NO2<br />
- dospeva do mitohondrija ili citohroma P-450 i transformiše se u<br />
NO. To objašnjava zašto NTG nema vazodilatatornih efekta u jetri [35].<br />
Interesantno je pitanje i biotransformacije NTG-a u RBCs. Novija istraživanja<br />
ukazuju da je NTG biotransformacija prvenstveno povezana sa Hb u eritrocitima. NTG ne<br />
utice na povecanje RNS, ali znacajno povecava metHb u RBCs. Znacajno povecanje nivoa<br />
metHb je rezultat NTG-indukovane oksidacije Hb, a smanjenje O2<br />
.-, je nastalo verovatno u<br />
reakciji sa SOD koja stvara H2O2. NTG uzrokuje porast TBARS-a, ali ne utice znacajno na<br />
povecanje RNS i ROS (porast H2O2 nije znacajan), što ukazuje da je lipidna peroksidacija<br />
verovatno rezultat oksidacionog stresa uzrokovanog stvaranjem O2<br />
.-. U prisustvu NTG slicne<br />
su promene parametara oksidacionog stresa i u RBCs i u retikulocitima. U poreðenju sa<br />
netretiranim RBCs retikulociti su sistem adaptiran na oksidacioni stres zato što oni sadrze<br />
mitohondrije koje imaju znacajnu ulogu u biotransformaciji NTG. NTG-indukovana<br />
oksidacija Hb stvara metHb i O2<br />
.-, što uzrokuje lipidnu peroksidaciju. U RBCs i<br />
retikulocitima pacova NTG indukuje oksidacioni stres i dovodi do oksidacionih oštecenja<br />
celija [36].<br />
11<br />
Ranije se smatralo da je upotreba moninitrata bolja od NTG-a u lecenju<br />
kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Meðutim, tretman mononitratima stimuliše oksidacioni stres, a<br />
narocito terapija izosorbid mononitratom (ISMN) koja vodi endotelijalnoj disfunkciji,<br />
povecanom oksidacionom stresu. Ovo stanje se popravlja akutnom upotrebom vitamina C.<br />
Ovo se moglo predvideti jer je pokazano da i NTG dovodi do istih pojava. Rezultati nekih<br />
studija pokazuju da u odbrani eritrocita od NTG-indukovanog oksidacionog stresa ucestvuju<br />
neenzimske komponente AOSa (Vit C, Vit E, GSH i GSSG) [17]. Altrnativna medicina daje<br />
dokaze da je akupunkturnim tretmanom (kod pacijenata se lokomotornim, ginekološkim,<br />
bronhopulmonarnim i dr. problemima) stabizovana lipidna peroksidacija i poboljšan je<br />
antioksidacioni status u RBCs [37].<br />
Postavilo se pitanje da li su uopšte potrebni organski nitrati u terapiji<br />
kardiovaskularnih bolesti [38]? Predloženi su kratko dejstvujuci nitrati ili Ca antagonisti kao<br />
što su amlodipin, pre nego mono- i di- nitrati, kad pacijentima ostaju simptomi cak i posle<br />
terapije sa beta-blokatorima, aspirinom i statinom [39].<br />
ZAKLJUCCI<br />
• NTG se biotransformiše i indukuje oksidaciju Hb.<br />
• NTG uzrokuje oksidacioni stres i oksidaciona oštecenja eritrocita<br />
pacova, što je razlog za akutni klinicki tretman NTG-om.<br />
12<br />
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15<br />
INDEKS SKRACENICA<br />
AFR, ascorbate free radical<br />
AOS, antioksidacioni sistem zaštite<br />
AP1, hlorid-bikarboni anjonski–izmenjvaci 1<br />
ASC, askorbinska kiselina<br />
ATP, adenozintrifosfat<br />
BH4, tetrahidrobioprotein<br />
Ca2+, kalcijumov jon<br />
CAT, katalaza<br />
CFU-E, colony-formig unit-erytrocyte<br />
cGMP, cikllicni guanozinmonofosfat<br />
CO, ugljen monoksid<br />
CO2, ugljen-dioksid<br />
Cu2+, bakarov katjon<br />
CuZn SOD, cink bakar superoksid dismutaza<br />
cysb93, cistein<br />
DHA, dehidroaskorbinska kiselina<br />
eNOS, endotelijalna NOS<br />
FAD, flavinadenindinukleotid<br />
Fe2+, fero gvožðe<br />
Fe3+, feri gvožðe<br />
FMN, flavinadeninmononukleotid<br />
GC, guanilil ciklaza<br />
GDN, 1,2-gliceril dinitrat<br />
GMN, gliceril mononitrat<br />
GR, glutation reduktaza<br />
GSH, glutation<br />
GSH-Px, glutataion peroksidaza<br />
GSH-Px, glutation-peroksidaza<br />
GSSG, oksidovani glutation<br />
GST, glutation S transferaza<br />
H2O2, vodonik peroksid<br />
Hb, hemoglobin<br />
HbFe(II)NO, nitrozilhemoglobin<br />
HbFe(II)O2, oksiHb, oksidovani hemoglobin<br />
HbFe(III)NO, nitrozil-met-Hb<br />
HbNO, gvožðe-nitrozil-hemoglobin<br />
HbSNO, S-nitrozilovanHb<br />
HCO3<br />
-, bikarbonatni jon<br />
HNO2, azotasta kiselina<br />
HP+-Fe4+, citohromi<br />
ISDN, izosorbid dinitrat<br />
ISMN, izosorbid mononitrat<br />
ISMN, izosorbide-5-mononitrat<br />
metHbFe(III), metHb, methemoglobin<br />
mRNA, messengrer RNA<br />
mtALDH, mitohondrijska aldehid<br />
dehidrogenaza<br />
N2O3, azot trioksid<br />
N2O4, azot tetraoksid<br />
NADH, nikotinadeninfosfat<br />
NADPH, nikotinadenindinukleotidfosfat<br />
NO2<br />
-, nitritni jon<br />
NO, NO., azot monoksid<br />
NO2, azot dioksid<br />
NO2<br />
+, nitronijum (nitril) jon<br />
NOS, azot oksid sintaza<br />
NTG, nitroglicerin<br />
O2, kiseonik<br />
O2<br />
˙ �, superoksid anjon radikal<br />
ONOO - ,peroksinitrit<br />
PEDN, pentaritritil dinitrat<br />
PETN, pentaritritil tetranitrat<br />
PETriN, pentaeritritil trinitrat<br />
PI3, fosfatidilinozitoltri fosfat<br />
RBC(s), Red Blood Cell(s)<br />
RNS, reaktivne vrste azota<br />
RO. , alkoksil radikal<br />
ROO, alkil hidroperoksil radikal<br />
ROS, reaktivne vrste kiseonika<br />
SH-grupa, tiol-grupa<br />
SNO, S-nitrozotiol<br />
SNOHb(Fe3+), S-nitrozomethemoglobin<br />
SNO-Hb, S-nitrozohemoglobin<br />
SNP, natrijum nitroprusid<br />
SOD, superoksid-dismutaza<br />
TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances<br />
Vit C, vitamin C<br />
Vit E, vitamin E<br />
{{radi se}}</div>
Tsnena